-Topographic maps show the elevation of an area, when being on a mountain
- Topographic maps are combined with geologic maps _They show rock formations Elevation: Height above sea level Contour Line: The lines used on a contour map to show equal elevation Contour Interval: The height difference between 2 contour lines Gradient Slope: Rise/Run Steep: Elevation increases quickly- The elevation can be indicated by how close the contour lines are. How to read a topographic map? - Circles: Mountains, hill etc / With hachure marks : depression -Coloring: Different rock types -Distance between lines: Far apart: gentle slope, Close together: Steep slope -Scale: A certain distance on the map is equal to a certain distance in real life. |
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The energy from the sun is created through nuclear fussion.
- Fission: The nucleus of 1 atom splits into two or more nuclei -Fussion: 4H nuclei collide to form a heavier atom / also produces radiant energy of stars -Radiation: Transfers emission of energy through waves. |
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Wavelength - determines how much energy is carried. (the distance between 2 crests of waves)
Long Wavelengths- contain little energy Short wavelengths- contain more of energy Frequency- The amount of waves per second Blue Light - is ultraviolet light which is to short to be seen Red Light- Radiates to outer space |
Earth's Movement and Time
You can rotate in place. You can not revolve in place. - Day: Length of time needed for a planet to complete 1 full rotation -Year: Length of time neede for a planet to complete 1 full rotation -Earth revolves in a ellipse (not in circles) -Earth rotates at a tilt (not straight up and down) -Earth's rotation cause equatioral bulge: (the earth is wider than it is tall) -Orbit : The path taken while revolving -Season- Occur because the earth is tilted and it revolves around the sun. What does Kepler's laws state? laws of planetary motion |
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-Gravity: The attractive force between two objects.
-An object has more gravitational pull if it is large or if the object being attracted is close. -The sun's gravity keeps the earth in its obit. -Tides: daily changes in the elevation of the oceans surfaces High Tide: A water level maximum Low Tide: A water level minimum Tidal Range: The difference between high and low tide -Intertidal Zone: The region between high and low tide -Celestial Bodies (natural objects in space) -The moon's gravity attracts the water from Earth's oceans, causing tide -Opposite sides of the Earth have the same tide type at the same time - The side of Earth facing the moon will experience high tide. -Low tide happens on the sides, at right angles to the moon - Earth's rotation causes 2 high tides and 2 low tides everyday - The sun's gravitational pull influences the extremes of tides -Spring Tide: The sun, moon and Earth are in alignment causing extra high tides and very low tides. - Neap Tides: The sun, Earth and moon are at right angles to each other, causing small tidal ranges. Solstice and Equinox Equinox: 2 days of the year when day and night are of equal length (spring and fall) Summer Solstice: The longest day of the year Winter Solstice: The shortest day of the year |